Symmetry breaking is a concept in physics and mathematics that refers to a situation where a system's symmetry is not maintained, resulting in a deviation from its initial state. This phenomenon can occur in various systems, such as particles and fields in physics, where a symmetry may be present initially, but is broken as the system evolves. Symmetry breaking plays a crucial role in understanding the fundamental laws of nature, especially in the context of particle physics and cosmology. It is believed to be the underlying mechanism responsible for the formation of structures in the universe, such as galaxies and clusters of galaxies. In particle physics, symmetry breaking is closely related to the concept of mass generation, where particles acquire their mass through interactions with a field that breaks the underlying symmetry. The Higgs mechanism, proposed in the Standard Model of particle physics, is a well-known example of symmetry breaking, which explains how particles acquire mass. Overall, symmetry breaking is a fundamental concept in physics that helps explain the complexity and diversity of the universe, and plays a crucial role in the development of our understanding of the fundamental laws governing the universe.